GLP-1 receptor, short for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, is a type of G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in the body. GLP-1 is a peptide hormone secreted by the intestine in response to food intake, and it acts on the GLP-1 receptor to stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, inhibit glucagon secretion from alpha cells, slow down gastric emptying, and promote satiety. Research in the area of GLP-1 receptor primarily focuses on understanding its signaling pathways, structure-function relationships, physiological functions, and potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Several GLP-1 receptor agonists have been developed as pharmacological agents for managing type 2 diabetes and weight loss, showing promising results in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. Additionally, research is ongoing to explore the potential of targeting the GLP-1 receptor in the treatment of other metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.